Starting a collection of tropical and of subtropical plant species dates back to 1936, when the first breeding greenhouses were built, designed for the propagation of planting material for the creation of displays in designed exhibition greenhouses. Before the Second World War, Natalya Ivanovna Chakalinskaya supervised the garden's greenhouse, Praskovya Ignatovna Lyavdanskaya worked as an employee. By 1941, a collection of palms, ferns, succulents and other plants of the tropics and subtropics was collected through their efforts. During the Great Patriotic War, the Garden was destroyed and devastated. According to archival documents, the total area of the greenhouses, where tropical and subtropical plants were kept, decreased from 700 to 164 m2 in 1942, and only about 600 of the 10,000 specimens of greenhouse plants were preserved by the end of the war. In 1956, under the leadership of academician M. V. Smolsky, a laboratory of ornamental plants was organized in the Botanical Garden. Until now, the collection of tropical and subtropical plants had already reached 6,000 specimens (about 800 botanical species, forms and varieties belonging to 97 families and 270 genera). Temporarily, these plants were placed in five small greenhouses with a useful area of about 300 m2. When the stock greenhouse with a total area under glass of 1615 m2 was commissioned in 1960, these plants were placed taking into account their ecological and geographical origin and systematic belonging. In different years, collection funds of tropical and subtropical plants were supervised by: P. I. Liavdanskaya, candidate of biological sciences V. S. Vakula, N. V. Bogdan, candidate of biological sciences D. A. Globo-Mikhailenko, A. S. Medunetskaya, N. A. Yanukava, V. M. Chartovich. By 1970, the collection already had 1,560 species from 122 families, including 88 varieties of flowering plants. The diversity in terms of systematic affiliation is as follows: Spores - 40 species from 9 families, Gymnosperms - 27 species from 9 families and Angiosperms - 1490 species from 104 families, including monocotyledons - 435 species from 16 families, dicotyledons - 105 families. Our Garden was greatly assisted in the placement and content of collections of subtropical and tropical plants by the Botanical Institute. V. L. Komarova, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. For example, F. S. Pilipenko, Doctor of Biological Sciences, identified agaves and a number of other species of subtropical and tropical flora. It should be noted that for many years he supervised the work of the stock greenhouse of the Central Botanical Garden. This collection, which reflects the diversity and richness of the plant world, now represents a great scientific and educational value, being, thanks to the active scientific activity of the laboratory of greenhouse plants, a part of the National Property of the Republic. Collections were growing, and high-level professionals were needed. The practice of permanent internships of greenhouse employees in leading scientific institutions and botanical gardens of the Soviet Union and abroad is becoming a rule. In 1959, candidate of agricultural sciences LP Lagun was one of the first to be sent to the Main Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR for an internship. Under the guidance of V. A. Poddubnaya-Arnoldi and V. L. Selezneva, she began work with the culture of orchids. And then, for the first time, 34 species of orchids were brought and tested at the Central Central Library. The collection included both heat-loving species (Cattleya hybrida, Haemaria discolor, Vanilla planifolia) and cold-resistant ones (Coelogyna cristata, Dendrobium nobile, Phragmipedium Sedenii). Recently, work in this direction has been resumed and is being actively conducted not only in terms of the introduction of orchids, but also their in vitro reproduction under the leadership of Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus V. M. Rashetnikov. In 2011, the gene pool of tropical and subtropical orchids was separated into a separate collection, the curator of which is research assistant M.A. Burchyk. Now the collection includes 197 taxa, 114 natural species (from 44 genera) and 82 hybrid forms belonging to the orchid family (Orchidaceae). The collection of greenhouse plants includes the most numerous group of succulents (more than 30% of the current collection), represented by 29 families. In 1960, it had 117 taxa, of which 49 were cactus species. The curator of the collection for many years (1944 – 1978) was junior researcher P.I. Lyavdanskaya. The main focus during that period was on issues of introduction. Mamillaria, prickly pear, echinopsis, cereus, and rhypsalis were mainly attracted. By 1976, the collection of succulents was represented by 500 species from 70 genera. A number of issues related to the reproduction of individual species arose, and they were successfully resolved in the following years by the researcher MV Bogdan - the curator of the collection for more than 20 years (1983 - 2003). She successfully mastered the methods of grafting cacti. Subsequently, candidate of biological sciences A. V. Sorok developed methods of effective reproduction of cacti, including in vitro culture (2003 - 2010). The collection of succulents has been replenished with representatives of many genera and species of agave, tovsyankovy, lily. To date, the collection includes 899 taxa, of which 343 are cacti (curators - M.Sc. Soroka A.V., M.Sc. Sak N.L. (Karalev N.L.), since 2013 years – M.Sc. Pobalavets T.A. Since 1970, intensive introduction of Ferns has been underway. Material in the form of living plants and spores is brought from the botanical gardens of Moscow, Leningrad, Zurich, Amsterdam, Potsdam and other cities. Subtropical and tropical woody plants are represented by more than 300 species. Among them, ancient gymnosperms from the classes Cycadopsida, Gnetopsida, Ginkgopsida, and Pinopsida have the greatest value. Palm trees are also of great interest. Their introduction began in 1937. The first plants were Howea forsteriana (Palermo, 1937) and Arecastrum romanzoffianum (Caimbra, 1937). In 1960, a large batch of palm trees, including Caryota mitis, Chamaedorea arembergia, Ch.concolor, Rhapis humilis and Sabal palmetto, was obtained from the GBS of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR at the initiative of Academician M. V. Smolsky to create a palmarium. In 1979, 15-year-old plants of Howea belmoreana and Livistona chinensis, an 18-year-old specimen of Phoenix roebelenii and a 36-year-old Phoenix canariensis were brought from the Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR (Batumi), which have survived to this day. It was during the leadership of M. V. Smolsky, who was the head of the CBS from 1955 to 1976, that the main collection funds of indoor plants were formed. A great contribution to the formation of collections of tropical and subtropical flora was also made in different years by the director of the National Academy of Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, a member of the Board of Directors. National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Doctor of Science, Professor Ya.A. Sidarovich and Doctor of Science. A. T. Fedaruk, who headed the laboratory of ornamental plants from 1977 to 1993. The collection gene pool of tropical and subtropical plants of the stock greenhouse served as the basis for the creation in 2007 of a new object of the Central Botanical Garden within the laboratory of greenhouse plants – the Exposition Greenhouse, and in the period from 2006 to 2012, it was its head. Karneeva. Currently, the work on maintaining and updating the expositions of tropical and subtropical plants, which include 416 names from 84 families and 228 genera, is headed by the curator M.Sc. N. S. Katkovskaya. A great contribution to the development of assortments, preparation and transfer of material, design of demonstration expositions of humid and arid tropical and subtropical zones of the Earth was made by the senior researcher of the laboratory V. M. Chartovich, who has been the curator of the collection of the fund greenhouse since 1975. Until now, within this collection, independent collections have been distinguished: "Herbaceous tropical perennial plants", the curator of which is p. n. with V. M. Chartovich and "Woody subtropical and tropical plants", curator - Ph.D., S.N.S. I. M. Kabushava. In the 70s of the last century, the range of flower crops in the cutting was limited, and on the initiative of the director of the Central Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR, academician M. V. Smolskii, gerbera from the botanical garden of Latvia was brought for the first time for selection work. Scientific work on the replenishment of the gerbera gene pool at the National Academy of Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus is carried out not only by attracting and introducing new foreign varieties into the culture, but also by selection in the direction of obtaining stable yield and highly decorative varieties of Belarusian selection. The first works in the selection of gerbera in the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus are associated with the name of N.A. Yanukava (curator of the gerbera collection from 1972 to 1987). As mother plants for hybridization, forms with large discs of tubular flowers were used, compared to the parents, which allows to preserve the optimal ratio of the diameter of the inflorescences to the diameter of the disc in the offspring. At the same time, the strength of peduncles and the arrangement of leaves were taken into account, and plants with horizontal arrangement of leaves were not used for crossing. Every year, the number of crossing combinations increased, but for further work, only the best gerbera seedlings were selected for decorative qualities and flowering productivity. Promising seedlings of the selection of the National Academy of Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus underwent a state variety test (Kiev and Salaspils), where their decorativeness was determined at 94-100 points. Belarusian varieties participate in international exhibitions and receive diplomas of the first degree. The variety "My Dream" was awarded a silver medal at the exhibition in Japan (Osaka). Until 1981, the gerbera collection consisted of 10 varieties of Latvian selection, in 1990 it already had 25 varieties of Latvian and Dutch selection, in 1993 – 7 varieties of Latvian and Dutch selection, in 1999-2. - 14 varieties of Latvian, Belarusian, Ukrainian and Dutch selections. Care of the gerbera collection fund was carried out by L. I. Tiarametskaya from 1983, from 1987 by T.A. Lapko, since 1993 - A.I. Alyakhna. Since 1994, the curator of the collection is a research assistant of M. M. Glushakov (N. M. Mikhno). Now the gerbera collection fund is represented by 36 taxa, among them - varieties of Dutch, Latvian and Belarusian breeding, hybrid seedlings, as well as 5 natural species. Among subtropical fruit plants, citrus fruits have always been particularly popular. The first mentions of the collection of these plants in the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus date back to the end of the 1930s. of the last century, when from Batumi, Sukhumi, etc. lemon, orange, peach and apricot trees were brought to the cities of the south (1937). At that time, it had up to 50 types and varieties of citrus fruits, other fruit plants were also grown - psidium, feijoa, olive, blackberry. It is known that during the Great Patriotic War, the citrus collection was partially preserved, and some lemon trees successfully bore fruit. By 1974, the collection included 7 species and 6 varieties. The beginning of the collection was laid by the lemon 'Pavlovsky', obtained by cuttings from the specialized Bogorod fruit and vegetable farm. This is one of the best varieties for northern areas as a houseplant. From the Vachshka zonal experimental station of introduced Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f. cv. Meyers, which is recommended for indoor cultivation in Belarus. Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f is also of interest. cv. 'Monackello', which is the most resistant to the most dangerous citrus disease – tracheomycosis. This line of research continued in the following years. A great contribution to replenishing the collection of citrus crops from the funds of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Mountain Horticulture (Sochi, 1991) was made by: Dr. N.V. Getka and A.I. Alyakhna. Currently, it is a collection of "Fruit subtropical plants", and the researcher A.I. Alyakhna has been its permanent curator since 1991. A total of 112 forms and varieties of various subtropical fruit crops are in the collection. In different years, researchers of H. Ch. Shamshur, agronomists and laboratory technicians M.M. Novik, V.P. Kudzelka, G.F. Shalima, S.M. Kazei, L.G. Chaglik, A.P. Ragavoi, Y.Yu. Gupala. Currently, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor N.V. Getka, Candidate of Biological Sciences I.M. Kabushava, research assistants V.M. Chartovich, A.I. Alyakhna, N.M. Glushakova, and N.M. Burchyk are working in the laboratory. N.A., Sak N.L., Pobalavets T.A., Katkovskaya N.S., Sandrozd Yu.I., agronomists Zaitsava A.A., Kasmalskaya A.S., Araim M.O., Ageeva O. .L., plant care workers Dulevich Ya.A., Sharasovets A.U., Kulaga D.A.
